The future of sports tourism in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic - Developing a new paradigm model

PurposeSports tourism was strongly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, but there is no consensus on what sports tourism should look like in the post-pandemic period. This study explores the future of sports tourism in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and provides an alternative paradigm model.Design/methodology/approachData were collected by interviewing sports tourism experts. Data analysis was based on the continuous comparison method during three stages of open, axial and selective coding.FindingsThe findings point to the complexity of the future sports tourism industry. Post-COVID-19 sports tourism strongly depends on environmental forces and targeted support, with strategies focused on tourists' safety and security, digitalization of the industry, and new employment opportunities.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the body of knowledge on sports tourism by providing answers to the current challenges, threats and opportunities associated with the pandemic. The proposed paradigm model could be a guideline for sports tourism practitioners and policymakers to accelerate recovery from COVID-19 in a sustainable and resilient manner.

Sustainability perspectives of the wildlife conservancy-based tourism model in a post-pandemic context in Kenya

Purpose: This chapter evaluates the impacts of and response measures to COVID-19 pandemic on the practice of tourism in the wildlife conservancy model in Kenya thus proposing response interventions to possible tourism crises in the future. Methodological Design: The study uses the qualitative exploratory experience design and collects data from purposely selected conservancies' leaders and other documented materials from two main wildlife conservancies association in Kenya. Findings: The chapter presents findings on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on wildlife conservancy-based tourism, how conservancies responded to the pandemic and conservancy leadership perspectives on how to model future tourism and related activities in the conservancies based on the lessons they have learnt from the COVID-19 experience. Research limitation/Implications: With the wildlife conservancy-based tourism model in Kenya being a relatively new phenomenon, the study provides important lessons for comparison with other such initiatives in other places in the event of tourism crises in the future. Originality/Value: This chapter argues that better preparedness to crises and uncertainties by various tourism types and models can help mitigate against adverse effects of similar uncertainties in the future. Consequently, the findings offer a glimpse of proposals and solutions to the wildlife conservancy-based tourism models that continue to be established in Kenya and in the region. © 2022 Joseph K. Muriithi.

Impacts and adaptive strategies of the hotel sector amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of the hotel sector in the Siem Reap province

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic had a huge negative impact on the world's hotel industry from the beginning of 2020. As a result of the pandemic, the majority of hotels around the world have decided to close temporarily. It examines the challenges faced by hotel managers and the strategies used to survive. Design: This research can motivate hotel companies around the world to better understand pandemic situations and develop effective anti-pandemic policies. Based on online in-depth interviews with 25 hotel managers, the findings shed light on the various challenges to hotels. Findings: Findings have shown that the hotel industry has been able to adapt their business for the short term with post-COVID-19 strategies still having limitations. To survive the duration of the pandemic hotels have adopted strategies: reducing employees, promotions and discounts and changing the market segment, as well as levels of maintenance of hygiene and cleanliness. The hotel industry can implement opportunities toward change through government support, crisis management, cooperation with travel agencies and technology. Research Implications: The current research is to determine the impact of COVID-19 and the adaptive strategies on the hotel sector in the Siem Reap province by the following objectives: (1) To analyse the impacts of COVID-19 in the hotel sector, (2) To identify adaptive strategies in dealing with COVID-19 in the hotel sector and (3) To explore post-COVID-19 strategies of the hotel sector after the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative method was employed in the research online and in-depth interviews were conducted with the owner and general manager. Originality-Value: The study suggests that hotels focus more on survival strategies for the short term, so the topic for future research could be to investigate details of strategies after the COVID-19 pandemic in order to research what the hotels' strategic solutions will be and how they will manage the operation after the COVID-19 pandemic for long-term strategies. © 2022 Sotheara Kham and Sochea Nhem.

Deep habits and travel resilience after COVID-19

This research examines how deep travel habits in the form of habit formation and reduced substitutability between tourism travel and other leisure goods impact travel resilience after COVID-19. Using microdata for almost 3000 tourists in Andalusia (Spain), we relate post-pandemic outbreak tourism participation to pre-pandemic travelling intensity and whether taking a vacation is considered a priority good. In doing so, we control for standard sociodemographic characteristics and province fixed effects. Our results clearly show that the probability of continuing travelling during the summer of 2020 is positively associated with pre-pandemic travel intensity and tourism being considered a priority leisure activity. Travel resilience is found to be strongly associated with income, education level and the tenure of a second residence.

Who are vulnerable in a tourism crisis? A tourism employment vulnerability analysis for the COVID-19 management

Providing targeted support to people who are mostly impacted financially is critical in managing the socio-economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic;however, governments face the challenge of pinpointing vulnerable workers. Building upon the multi-regional input-output model and a high-resolution employment profile, this research develops a new analytical model to recognize the vulnerable population in a crisis by identifying who they are, where they work and what sector they work for. The model was applied to Indonesia to assess tourism losses and found four regional hotspots where the employment vulnerability of women, youth and low-education workers was more than five times higher than the national average. Findings demonstrated that this model could assist with rapid and efficient targeted support for crisis management in the short term and continued investment for an equitable disaster recovery in the future. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

CSR strategy in the hospitality industry: from the COVID-19 pandemic crisis to recovery

CSR strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and the recovery process emerges as a new research area in tourism and hospitality. Hence, the purpose of this study is to assess adaptations of CSR strategy during the crisis. Research aims concentrate on identification of a CSR strategy framework and its adaptations during the pandemic in a selected hotel chain. A single case study, based on a content analysis of such documents as ESG strategy and reports, annual and quarterly reports, and other data, has been employed. CSR strategy has been embedded in the corporate strategy and has been strengthened during the pandemic as the crisis has affected the company and its stakeholders. CSR strategy has been adapted to meet stakeholders' needs, including employees, customers, communities, and environment. During crisis, it is important to highlight and strengthen the company's commitment to sustainability;redirect strategy towards supporting businesses, employees, and communities;adjust the strategy to the evolving environment;provide safe tourism products;implement own sustainable and innovative programs and solutions;and prepare for recovery. CSR strategy contributes to sustainable tourism and is especially beneficial in a time of crisis due to the companies' ongoing commitment towards stakeholders. The value of the study lies in practical implications regarding CSR strategy in the pandemic, its adaptability potential in the crisis circumstances, and preparation for recovery. The study contributes to crisis management in the hospitality industry, and its novelty is linked to the specific context of the pandemic. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Journal of Contemporary Management is the property of Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Management & Social Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

STAKEHOLDERS' PERCEPTION OF THE IMPACTS AND RECOVERY STRATEGIES TO APPLY IN THE FACE OF A SEVERE TOURISM CRISIS: THE CASE OF COVID-19 IN SPAIN

This research begins with the possibility of taking advantage of a very unusual situation, such as the first days of a dramatic pandemic with a significant impact on tourism activity, to obtain relevant information on stakeholder perceptions at that precise moment. The aim is to capture the different perceptions on the effects and possible recovery strategies for destinations, which could condition the touristic make-decision process for its design. For this, 285 professionals in the Spanish tourism sector were surveyed between 03/27/2020 and 04/30/2020. A review of other exogenous touristic crises has been done to define this survey process, identifying the primary variables, dimensions and consequences, and the recovery strategies applied. The results permit identifying preferences of the sector in an extreme crisis and identifying differences between different stakeholder types. This research offers a substantial amount of relevant information which can be very useful to compare with future research after recovery and to be able to conclude this kind of rush and uncertain decision- making processes with a view to a more efficient early design of recovery strategies against the exogenous crisis. © 2022 Universidad de Murcia. All rights reserved.

Crisis and Africa's tourism industry: A comprehensive review and agenda for future research

Although several studies have investigated crisis and crisis management in tourism, knowledge, and scholarship are limited in this field, especially in third-world nations like those in Africa. This paper presents a comprehensive review and synthesis of crisis management literature in Africa to address the gap in current understanding. The content-based analysis of 77 published articles from 29 journals provides a deeper understanding of Africa's tourism crisis research and scholarship trends. A three-stage integrative framework classifying crisis management literature/approaches was developed: pre-crisis, during-crisis, and post-crisis. This paper examines Africa's current and emerging tourism crisis issues identified in the analysis. It also discusses the implications of existing studies on crisis management research and outlines new research directions and implications concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

Is nothing like before? COVID-19–evoked changes to tourism destination social media communication

The outbreak of COVID-19 has boosted the significance of social media for tourism destinations. Therefore, this study investigates how and to what extent the pandemic has changed tourism destination communication on social media and consumers' social media engagement. Using data collected from 1136 Facebook posts by 85 Austrian tourism destinations, the authors compared three different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e. pre-COVID, lockdown, post-lockdown). Results show that 1) the use of linguistic text features of social media content has changed (i.e. more expressions of uncertainty, confidence, emotionality, more first-person storytellers, greater text length, and less specificity);2) consumers’ social media engagement, measured as likes, shares, and comments, has increased;and 3) textual features explain changes in social media engagement rates only to a limited degree. Based on these findings, the study provides recommendations for destinations on how to design effective social media content during crises. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

LEARNING FROM COVID IN THE CANARY ISLANDS. FISHING-TOURISM AS A PROPOSAL FOR ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION IN TENERIFE

Massive sun and beach tourism has shown a clear trend towards outsourcing and deterioration of economic diversity. This economic specialization can lead to an excessive dependence on tourist activity, highly exposed to unforeseen phenomena. The context of the Canary Islands can be considered a paradigmatic case in this sense, having suffered devastating consequences from the COVID-19 crisis. The absorption of the primary sector by tourism has affected its adaptive capacity, worsening the socio-environmental impacts of the pandemic. Among the strategies that can contribute to rethinking the current model, this work proposes the implementation of a product that articulates traditional fishing with tourism in Tenerife. The recent Canary Islands Fisheries Law may become an opportunity to expand the levels of resilience of the destination through economic diversification and the empowerment and revitalization of fishermen.

Crisis and disaster management for halal tourism: a systematic review

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a primary contribution to the halal tourism industry by presenting a crisis and disaster management framework based on Islamic teachings.Design/methodology/approachTo develop the framework, a systematic review was conducted using the grounded theory step as an analytical framework through tracing papers from 2000 to 2020. The first step was to carry out an open coding by collecting extracted concepts and categories. Furthermore, axial coding was carried out to connect among the categories. Selective coding was conducted to all identified categories, and they were then integrated to develop a framework. The results obtained are three selected coding, eight axial coding and 55 open coding.FindingsThe result indicates that Islam teaches much principles, behavioral responses and psychological responses to crises and disasters. However, it is not neatly arranged in a modern crisis and disaster management concept. In addition, the advantage for halal tourism is that Muslims make Islamic teachings the foundation of social and community resilience in the face of disasters.Research limitations/implicationsThe research findings also provide the knowledge to the tourism planners and academicians in overcoming the crises and disasters.Originality/valueThis paper provides a crisis and disaster management framework with additional decision-making concepts using a maqasid matrix.

From tsunami through terror attacks to Covid-19: crisis communication strategies and recovery campaigns to combat Thailand's tourism crises

Countries dealing with tourism crises use a variety of crisis communication strategies, as found in various studies. Thailand is one of the strongest global tourism brands and tourism remains its dominant industry. In recent decades, it has suffered several crises: natural disasters, terrorist attacks, a pandemic, and internal political tensions. This study analyzes which crisis communication strategies Thai officials adopted to restore Thailand's positive image during tourism crises;in addition, we analyzed how these strategies stem from the country's ideations and cultural values, a subject that was scarcely addressed in previous crisis communication theory.

Eliciting positive emotion through strategic responses to COVID-19 crisis: Evidence from the tourism sector.

While social media are effective means of communicating with adverse customer emotions during a crisis, it remains unclear how tourism organisations can respond to pandemic crisis on social media to prevent negative aftermaths. Using a set-theoretical approach, we investigate how COVID-19 response strategies and linguistic cues of responses are intertwined to evoke positive emotions among consumers. This study entails a qualitative content analysis of tourism organisations' COVID-19 announcements and a social media analytics approach that captures consumers' emotional reactions to these announcements via their Twitter replies. Our results extend some well-established findings in the tourism crisis literature by suggesting that combining innovative response strategy, argument quality, and assertive language can reinforce positive emotions during the COVID-19 crisis. Taking organisational characteristics into consideration, we suggest that young established hotels utilise innovative response strategies, whereas retrenchment response strategies for all types of restaurants should be avoided during the COVID-19 crisis.

Sustainable Tourism as a Driving force of the Tourism Industry in a Post-Covid-19 Scenario.

The tourism industry is probably one of the most affected by the crisis caused by Covid-19. It is the responsibility of politicians, tourism professionals and researchers to look for solutions to revive this important industry. This article shows how the development of Sustainable Tourism can help in the sustenance of the tourism industry, since one of the premises on which Sustainable Tourism is based is the non-overcrowding of tourist destinations (essential factor in the current context). Considering this argument and the existing regulations on lockdown rules, social distancing and meet up, it is considered that the practices in Sustainable Tourism can become a potential solution to stimulate tourist movements and help the revival of the tourism industry. Therefore, more specifically, the main objective of this article is to know tourist´s perception among about Sustainable Tourism and to determine which factors help its development. In this sense, the use of structural equation models in a research of 308 tourists has determined how factors related to the tourists' attitude, motivation and perceived benefits provided by the development of Sustainable Tourism increase the intention to consume this type of tourism. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11205-021-02735-2.